History Of Bretton Woods System And Jamaica - 1436 Words

HISTORY OF BRETTON WOODS SYSTEM AND JAMAICA BRETTON WOODS SYSTEM The Bretton Woods System was formed as a result of the collapse of the Golden Standard and The Great Depression. These closely related events prompted the need to establish an international monetary system, whose main aim was to revive the economies of the Post World War as well as fostering international economic relations that would end inter-war conflicts. Furthermore this historic event took place in July 1944 in New Hampshire whereby forty four nations consisting of 730 delegates came up with global institutions to solve these problems. In addition there were key individuals who played an important role in this process. First and foremost the United States Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau, Harry Dexter White who was the Chief Economic Advisor and lastly British Economist John Maynard Keyes. Both Keynes and White according to (about education, n.d.) believed in the â€Å"creation of a system of exchange rates that would avoid competitive devaluation that had been marked in the 1930’s but allow some adjustment in their value if economic fundamentals were judged to require it†. Although Keynes and White had believed in the same fundamentals or rather the same core values, they both took different approaches towards how these institutions would be implemented. On one hand Keynes believed in establishing a global central bank, termed as the ‘clearing union’ (Ghizani, n.d.) That would be used to settle imbalances.Show MoreRelatedInternational Monetary System5852 Words   |  24 PagesINTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM MULTULATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS Meaning International Monetary System refers to the system prevailing in world foreign exchange markets through which international trade capital movements are financed exchanges rates are determined. MNCs operate in a global market, buying/selling/producing in many different countries. For example, GM sells cars in 150 countries, produces cars in 50 countries, so it has to deal with hundreds of currencies. What are the mechanicsRead MoreInternational Monetary System5858 Words   |  24 PagesINTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM MULTULATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS Meaning International Monetary System refers to the system prevailing in world foreign exchange markets through which international trade capital movements are financed exchanges rates are determined. MNCs operate in a global market, buying/selling/producing in many different countries. For example, GM sells cars in 150 countries, produces cars in 50 countries, so it has to deal with hundreds of currencies. What are theRead MoreInternational Aid Or Development Assistance Essay2412 Words   |  10 Pagesdefinitions. The history of international development aid can be tracked down to antiquity, however, the modern era saw international development aid begin to evolve in the 19th and early 20th century (Kapur, 2003) but the true expansion of international development aid was in the aftermath of the Second World War. The most significant events in accordance with the establishment of international development aid were the creation of The United Nations, The Marshall Plan, and The Bretton Woods conferenceRead MoreHow Imf Has Assisted in the Underdevelopment of Third World Countries3678 Words   |  15 PagesAccording to the The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international financial institution (IFI) which monitors the international financial system and provides loans to developing country member-states with balance-of-payments problems. (www.IMF.com) History of IMF The IMF was established in 1945, having first been conceived at the Bretton Woods Conference in New Hampshire, USA in 1944. That conference saw representatives from forty four allied nations gather to craft new rules and institutionsRead More Neocolonialism in Jamaica Essay6862 Words   |  28 PagesNeocolonialism in Jamaica: History, practices, and resistance â€Å"The imposition of structural adjustment programs in the Third World since the 1970s has been characterized as a war against the poor, a process of [neo] recolonization† (Turner, 1994: 37). This statement is particularly applicable to the country of Jamaica. The island has been susceptible to a variety of neocolonial acts including the presence of multinational corporations, structural adjustment programs, and loan organizationsRead MoreInternational Business Study Guide7932 Words   |  32 Pagesinteractions relative to national ones.† B. The expansion, concentration and acceleration of worldwide relations. II. What are globalization of markets? A. moving away from an economic system in which national markets are distinct entities, isolated by trade barriers, time and culture, and toward a system in which national markets are emerging into one global market III. What is globalization of production? A. Trend by individual firms to disperse arts of productive processes to differentRead MoreFactors Affecting the Exchange Rate of Aud/Usa4015 Words   |  17 Pagesdealers.† (BusinessDictionary, 2010). 3.5. Types of Exchange Rate Systems in the world There are 3 types of exchanging rate systems that is used in different part of the world which is Fixed Exchange Rate System, Floating Exchange Rate system which is including Freely Floating and Manage Float and Pegged Exchange Rate System. 1. Fixed Exchange Rate System. This exchange rate system was used in the Bretton Woods era, which is an article of agreement that was signed by 29 countries andRead MoreInflation Cause, Effects and Remedies11309 Words   |  46 Pagesinflated revenues; and exporting nations suffer competitive trade disadvantages forcing them to turn to protectionism and arbitrary currency controls. In the most extreme form, chronic price increases become hyperinflation, causing the entire economic system to break down. The hyperinflation that occurred in Germany following World War I, for example, caused the volume of currency in circulation to expand more than 7 billion times and prices to jump 10 billion times during a 16-month period before NovemberRead MoreInflation Cause, Effects and Remedies11320 Words   |  46 Pagesinflated revenues; and exporting nations suffer competitive trade disadvantages forcing them to turn to protectionism and arbitrary currency controls. In the most extreme for m, chronic price increases become hyperinflation, causing the entire economic system to break down. The hyperinflation that occurred in Germany following World War I, for example, caused the volume of currency in circulation to expand more than 7 billion times and prices to jump 10 billion times during a 16-month period before NovemberRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesBrier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M

The Nuiances of Essay Topics for University

The Nuiances of Essay Topics for University What You Must Know About Essay Topics for University Furthermore, it's argued that most students gain from university in conditions of higher paid jobs, therefore it is fair they pay for at least some of the price tag, especially given that the vast majority of students attending university are from the middle classes. The ways students ought to be taught about their well-being. The student ought to be in a place to share their values and dreams they aspire to achieve as soon as they get the occasion to get in the college in the discussion. Some students, however, might not understand that they're stressed up. When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the most essential matter to do is to select a topic and an argument you could really get behind. You must research the selected topic and discover facts to contradict your primary thesis. You can begin with the kind of topic you pick for your compare and contrast essay. The ideal topic for your essay is one which is aligned with your field of study. Nobody really wishes to compose an essay. Writing a college essay can be a challenging task in the beginning, but understanding how different topics of college essays work may help you later on. Argumentative essay topics are so important since they are debatableand it's essential to at all times be critically contemplating the world around us. Good persuasive essay topics need to be persuasive. You see it is an unusual topic which may be quite tricky to imagine or explain, but some students might just turn that topic into a masterpiece. There are several persuasive essay topics to select from to finish your high school or college assignment. When selecting the correct college essay topics, students ought to be keen to focus on the principal ideas they're attempting to pass in their essay. To write a strong argumentative essay, they should begin by familiarizing themselves with some of the common, and often conflicting, positions on the research topic so that they can write an informed paper. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Essay Topics for University You should produce a notion and offer some evidence. Seek advice from your teacher if you have any questions about this issue you have decided on. So now you are aware of how to select the best compare and contrast topics and the various segments which you want to address when writing. When you are requested to opt for a great topic for your argument, start with something you're familiarized with. The New Angle On Essay Topics for University Just Released Your comfort level for a writer is a severe component in the accomplishment of your essay. Very often it becomes tough to choose one particular topic either on account of the many ideas in the student's head, or due to their complete absence. Many brilliant individuals who achieved success in life proved actually academic drop-outs. The way the success of science and technology could be viewed in the health care sector to address critical diseases. For instance, if you opted to go with sports, choose two contrasting topics which are in the exact same category like soccer vs basketball. The above-mentioned topic selection may give you a crystal clear comprehension of what things to write about. Since you may see, the topics are broken up into multiple categories so it would be simpler that you select one. In the majority of cases, the to pics you pick should be closely related. The very first thing you ought to do is identify the sort of compare and contrast essay that you're handling. The ideal thing is to choose a topic that will provide you with an opportunity to present new ideas or a fresh perspective on a problem. Pick a distinctive topic that others may not think of, and whatever you select, make certain you know a lot about it! The first thing you have to do before you get started writing is to select a proper topic to write about. Understanding how to compose a strong argumentative paper will help you advance your very own argumentative thinking. Your essay deserves effort and attention, but bear in mind that it's only a component of the total application approach. At exactly the same time, it's a wonderful persuasive essay idea. Note you do not need to have solved the issue, and a few of the greatest essays will explore problems which need to be solved later on.

Depression and its causes free essay sample

The area of mental health is a very unique field. It is so unique because it leaves room for questioning at every turn, for example when a diagnosis is made who is to say that the one deciding the illness is correct on deeming another’s state of mind. What that basically means is a whole medical field is based on someone’s dictation of the meanings of sane and insane and a healthy mind to an unhealthy one. Now that is not said to discredit the relevance of mental hospitals and doctors specializing in it, they are necessary and crucial to have. The consistency of mental health was the aspect being questioned. The mental illness of depression however is one of the generally less disputed against diagnoses’. There are clear causes and even clearer symptoms shown by someone who is considered to be depressed. Depression affects people mentally and physically and the main thing expressed by somebody with clinical depression is lack of interest in anything they might have usually liked to do and radical changes in behavior along with irregular sleeping patterns (Nordqvist, 2-3). All these visual things are what make depression much easier to diagnose than most other mental illnesses. Depression, no matter what specific type, is a very curable mental illness that is also a relatively common illness in comparison to most others. Symptoms of depression do differ between types, and amongst the six types that exist they all share the main symptoms of fatigue, lack of interest, thrown off appetite, and messed up sleeping patterns as the four most common (Depression, 2-3). Depression in all forms is linked to other mental illnesses like Bipolar disorder, Schizophrenia, and Autism due to similarities in each illness’s genetic make-ups (Nordqvist, 1). Based upon this the symptoms of having depression may not even be limited to the ones listed for actual depression, it could go far enough as whatever symptoms are for any of those other three illness’s as well. Now in relation to treatment for Depression the conversation is very open because it is one of the more treatable disorders. The sooner someone starts their depression treatment the faster they can recover, the depression can still be fully treated if it is not helped right away, but it will take longer. The main two treatments for depression are through drugs and psychotherapy. The drugs are anti depressants and psychotherapy is a method of psychological therapy where doctors use a psychological approach on the patients rather than physical means (Nordqvist, 5-6). It helps keep the patients calm and less stressed when the fear or intimidation of physical psychiatric machines and treatments are removed from their thoughts of treatment. The causes of depression are mostly seen not just mentally on patients but also physically. Studies show that people with depression have high risks of developing obesity, or on the opposite side, uncommon loss weight loss proving the pertinence of physical effects that depression can cause. It also increases risks of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in people. However the causes differ from the effects (obviously) because these health issues develop as result of depression but there are connections of the effects to the causes (Nordqvist, 5). Being adept to the effects can jump-start other causes for people. Depression causes, as previously stated, fatigue, loss in interest, changed appetite and abnormal sleep, but also has had cases where loss of sexual desire, lack of attention, constant feelings of anxiety, pessimism, hopelessness, and restlessness with irritability occur (Depression, 2-3). All of these are key signs to tell if a person has depression, if one or two of these issues are present there is no need for alarm, especially if they only last for a few hours infrequently. However if around 4-7 of these symptoms are shown and they are reoccurring or even all the time then there is a large chance that the person is depressed. Depression really affects people who have it physical and emotionally and it has just as much of an effect on their loved ones too. It slows down everyone’s life around them and denial or negligence toward what is really occurring is very common when a family member or someone you generally see every day starts to suffer from depression (Depression, 9). The good side is how curable and how continually researched the field of depression treatment and understanding it is and how much progression has already came and how much is sure to come in the future. An illness with the severity, along with the commonness of depression is rare to come across. In the US 6. 7% of adults are diagnosed with depression annually and that’s not including all the cases where people assume nothing is wrong and don’t go to see a doctor, which happens with a lot of people (Depression, 3). If you come across someone you feel could be depressed it is your duty to try and motivate that person to go to the doctors and to make sure they attempt to get better because sometimes it is the people that the victims are living with that are holding them back from seeing doctors. Just as bad as the people diagnosed with depression don’t want to face the facts sometimes, neither do the people closest to them. Depression can lead to death in some cases where its victims get thoughts of suicide and even get the means to act on them. Depending on how sever ones case is can effect if they get these thoughts or not but regardless it could happen to any depression victim so symptoms must be caught in time to stop the thoughts from advancing into action. The causes of depression rely on environment, genetic makeup, and ones ability to relate to people or lack of ability to. And the symptoms of depression, as explained before, are lack of interest, fatigue, as well as appetite and sleep changes so the causes as well as symptoms have impactful physical changes on people and obviously mental ones as well (Depression, 2). There is always hope to be cured once diagnosed with depression but there has to be effort from the victim and the ones close, it is really hard to live with somebody who is depressed, and all people can do it give support.

The Rise of the Macro

Anders Berring Breivik was the man accused of the terrorist attack that took place in Oslo. Through his document that he posted on the website on July 22 hours before the attacks took, we get to learn that he had a fair standard ideology of far right. The document which he named 2030- A European Declaration of Independence evoked several themes in central movements and mentions numerious ideologies of the right wing (Chesterton 2011).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Rise of the Macro-Nationalists specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, after close inspections, it was found that Mr Breivik’s view of the world did not match any of the established ideologies of the right wig which include Christian fundamentalism, Ultanationalism and supremacism. Rather his worldview revealed new doctrines to the civilizational war that represented the Chrristian version of an Al Qaeda. This was revelead throug h his statement when he exclaimed that he feared extinction of Nordic genotypes. This meant that his main agenda was not racial hygiene, but rather he wanted to expel but not kill muslims who were in Europe. He did not mind about the non-muslims Asians and the Jews. Mr Breivik is not a Norweign nationalist but he is extremely proud of his Norwign/ Odinistic heritage and that is why he declares independence for all Europeans. He publicly declares his religion of being a Christian, however, not a very religious one. Mr Breivik wants to change his views concerning Western Islamazation in Europe. He actually views himself as a defence war soldier against Islamic imperialism. Breivik views muslims as colonized Europeans who were helped by multicultural doctrines and high birth rates which were advocated by the European elites (Hegghammer 2005). Mr Breivik view muslims as an extisting threat to European civilazation and that is why they must end up their existance by all means. Waging war against them was the best way to counter them since they were traitors who allowed colonization to occur. According to Marxists muslims are European intellectual and political elites and that is why they are considered as traitors. Despite the exceptional violent acts of Breivik, he does not have enough knowledge of Islams (Huntington 1996). His manifasto is mainly inspired by new intellectuals of the right-wing which is currently referred to as counterjihad. The roots of the movement can be traced back in 1980s but it only gained momentum after the occurance of 9/11. The internet has become a home to Breivik where different views are aired in blogs like Atlas Shrugs, Gates of Vienna, Jihad Watch publications and written by Pamela Geller, Robert Spencer, Fjordman and Bat Ye’or for Norwegian blogs. Many counterjihad writers replete Breivik manifestos which is a sign that they were inspired by him.Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Mr Breivik also advocates mass murder of most prominent European politicians. He gives details information concerning the issue and his main manifesto contains information and ideas that no counterjihad existing ideologist has ever discussed. Mr. Breivik provides an extensive piece of advice on building bombs and the way to plan terrorist attacks. However, he was condemned by the leading counterjihad writers for advocating violence; they actually condemned Breivik for his actions. Breivik openly announced that he was a member of knightly order known as European Military Order and Criminal Tribunal. He describes the group as a reincarnation of Knights Templar which he himself found in the year 2002 in London with some activists from eight countries across Europe (Hegghammer 2005). Mr. Breivik has a similar ideology with the Al Qaeda’s since they both see themselves to be engaged in civilizational war betwee n West and Islam that actually exceeds all existing crusades. They both fight on behalf of existing transitional entities refered to as community or ummah for Europeans and Al Qaedans. The phrase Ummah also known as one Community mainly refers to Islamic unified world (Hegghammer 2005). The nation should produce the mankind who command righteous and forbid anything that is considered as wrong. Both Breivik and Al Qaedas frame the struggles they face in the wars as defensive war survivals. They actually both hate their former governments for collaborating with those they refer to as outside enermies. Both Mr. Breivik and Al Qaedas use matyrdom language; Breivik calls those who attacks him as matyrdom operation. They also both call themselves espouse medieval ideals and knights of chivalry. They also lament partriarchy erosion and women emancipation (Hegghammer 2005). These numerous existing similarities between Mr. Breivik and Al Qaeda only mean that Mr. Breivik is mainly inspired by Al Qaedas or he is simply trying to emulate them. However, Al Qaeda’s actions suggest that they manifest the same generic ideological phenomenon; a macro-nationalism which is a varient of nationalism used to cluster nations or states held together by similar notions like ummah or the West (Hegghammer 2005). Great Macro-nationalists actually view their own people to be low in attacks and fights when it comes to defending themselves. Pan-Islamism which is muslim world has got a long history and they have always been inspired by militance since 1980s, a period when Arabs used to travell to Afghanistan to fight their fellow Muslims against the Soviet occupation. However, the West lacked similar movements in comparison to those of Pan-Islamism (Praveen 2000).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Rise of the Macro-Nationalists specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nevertheless, it is expected that this coul d change after the appearance of Breivik manifesto and the rise of counterjihad in 2000. In case a violent anti-muslim movement emerges in West, what we expect is a division on the question who the target will be. Some members of the movement would prefer to punish European elites with the same reason which is the treason just like Mr. Breivik did. Others will prefer to attack the muslims directly just like they did it with the snipers who injured and killed several immigrants in Malmo in Sweden last year. One of the greatest tasks that the country has is countering macro-nationalists like Breivik and Al Qaedas. This is because they normally get popular support even if they are involved in mass murder which is something that is universally rejected. Mr. Breivik is a relatively large reservoir of European anti-muslims sentiments just like the AlQaedas exploit widespread Muslim oppossition policies in Middle East. However, many hope that Breivik’s actions will be horrific and u ndermine his major cause since one Al Qaeda is more than enough. Breivik hopes that countries such as Phillipines, Thailand and China will succeed him in the fight. In conclusion, it must be mentioned that this article looks more at the broad view of civilisations in violent struggles for survival and supremacy. It clearly defines what macro-nationalists think of the views and adeologies of confessed Norwegian mass murder Mr. Breivik. He struggles much in trying to implement the democratic regimes. Breivik apprecites those Hindu groups which actually do not sustain the injustice; they carry out riots and attacks on Muslims whenever things worsen but their main ideology is that their attacks are counterproductive. However, they do not attack the muslims directly instead, they target consolidate millitary cells in India with the aim of overthrowing the cultural Marxist government. Breivik envisages that future organizations would actually hand out multi cultural force which will bring military cooperation with the Buddhist, nationalists, Jewish and Hindu. He believes that these forces will help fight against the cultural Marxist forces (Clark 2011). This article also advocates how many Neo-cons in America are in need of global war with the radical muslims Mr. Breivik’s worldview does not fit into established categories of the ideologies of the right-wing just like fundamentalism, supremacism and ultranationalism. It however reveals all the new civizational war doctrines that represent how Christians view Al Qaeda since Mr. Breivik himself is a christian though not a strong one.Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This article clearly shows how people view muslims and what they can do within their power to see that the Al Qaedas stop terrorizing Western countries. However, they use almost the same tactics as those of the Al Qaedas to stop the killings. This article also clearly shows what America turned into after the incident of 9/11 which left many people injured while some lost their loved ones. Based mainly on ethnicity , religion and cultural essense, they all try to unify all the members of pan-groups that are beyond the nationalist boundaries. The above ideologies have been ignored by many governements and states. References Chesterton, G. (2011). The Rise of the Macro-Nationalists. New York: Barnes Nobel. Clark, N. (2011). Nationalism: Classical, Macro and Regional. New York: Dover Publications, Inc. Hegghammer, T. (2005).Counter-Jihad’ fake nationalism. New York: Oxford University Press. Huntington, S.1996. The Clash of Civilization and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon Schuster. Praveen, S. (2000). Norwegian Mass Killers Manifesto Hails Hindutva. New York: Free Press. This research paper on The Rise of the Macro-Nationalists was written and submitted by user Krish Sullivan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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buy custom Death and Loss in Dylan Thomas Poetry essay

buy custom Death and Loss in Dylan Thomas' Poetry essay Dylan Thomas was a great and famous writer and poet, who not only wrote poems and plays but also performed them himself. Thomass poetry was unique in that it was played in a verbal style as compared to other strict and common verse forms. This paper is a criticism analysis of Dylan Thomass poetry and especially in the poem Death and loss in Dylan Thomas poetry. Analysis of Death and loss in Dylan Thomas poetry The first part of the poem Death shall have no dominion and death shall have no dominion, dead mean naked they shall be one, with the man in the wind and the west moon is a about doom with no light or hope. In other words the first part of this poem simply points at doom. Dylan Thomas introduces this poem in a strong way but with no life or hope at all. He suggests that death can have no dominion on the dead and that the dead can still be one. He does not in any way suggest a way out or portray a ray of hope. (Thomas, 1971) The second part of the first paragraph, Dylan suggests that the dead can no longer feel pain or be subjected to torture. This means that in Dylans mind, his life or the life of the people he was referring to is fixed to in the meaning of their death. In other word Dylans poem simply means that the only hope of these people is in their death. This is because in their death, they shall be free from the blows and torture that they are currently experiencing in their lives. However other critics have suggested that this first paragraph shows great hope and redemption. The critics have argued that this poem is a poem of hope and that everything mad, harsh insane and evil is overcome in the event of death or after death. The best line in the poem that drew many good reviews of the poem is though lovers be lost, love will not. This according to many analysts is a sign of hope. They argue that this line means that love will live on even after death. They also argue that this line talks of the preservation of life. According to this analyst, this poem is a very positive poem. However, the nature and flow of this poem has no positive attributes. Other analysts call it a religious theme which is not about survival after death but purely about death and destruction both in life and after death. (Thomas, 2003) Dylan wrote many poems that deal with death. For example A refusal to moan this poem refers to end of self esteem and loss of identity as an indiv idual. The poems do not go gentle into that good night has been seen by many analysts as a cry for survival, or a lost cry. The most outstanding character that is seen from this poem is Dylans fear of being left by his father.The line rage, rage against the dying of the light is a sign of the emotions that Dylan was going through or that he felt at the loss. Other analysts have suggested that Dylans was writing about a universal experience .Mostly an experience of how men would react in such a scenario. It all has to do with death but also shows a way of facing the prospect the death of a loved one. Rage, according to Dylan was his reaction to the demise of his father; rage against his father and against death. This is because he had no power to change the course or his father death. Many good reviews on this poem state that one has to be sad sometimes and angry if need be. This poem shows also a rage against the things that would want to bury a person and the inability to change th em. However, other critics have argued that this poem does not offer an option to fight against the things that want to bury them but rage against them. Thus they argue that this is a cowardly way out. Dylan Thomas poetry has a unique flow is woven and dominated by speech rhythms. What was the effect of Dylan Thomas poems to the audience? Dylan Thomas did not only impact and leave a mark in the audience of his time but to date. Dylans poetry continues to draw reaction, views, reviews and criticism from many different people from different walks of life. These poems will continue to impact the generations to come. This is because Dylan Thomas remains a legendary figure of the century. He has also made a permanent mark in the literary history and field. Many recent writers are not only motivated by Dylans poems but also draw inspiration and ideas from these poems. This is simply because of Dylans extraordinary writing style that have touched and changed the very heart of poetry. Many scholars and analyst still can not capture the height of the unique nature of his poetry style. His writing or poetry style was refreshing and odd at the same time. However, Dylans was accused and is still being accused of drowning in language and on whiskey at the same time. However, this was not so, from the history Dylans early history and his sober poems, it is clear that Dylan was very committed to his poems and did not sleep or drown on his job. Dylans unique talent has long been remembered for many decades after his death and will continue to be remembered for many generations. (Thomas, 2000) The big question is who will fill his shoes? Did his talent die with him? What inspired Dylan Thomas to write his poems? Dylan Thomass poems clearly reveal and show a focus from his childhood and his believes. However, some of his poems shoow his believe in a sacred spiritual force that made his life worthwhile .The most outstanding aspects of his poems depict his uncertainty about the darkness and death. He probably wonders if the extensive darkness he experiences or thinks he will experience can ever be brightened. He does not see any hope in the darkness but is overwhelmed with the darkness. He expresses his anger and rage in his poems by a tactful manner and in a unique style. (Thomas, 2003) His unique style captures, attracts and draws attention. This is simply means that Dylan Thomass inspiration to write his poems came from his personal experiences and believes. Some of his quotes such as someones boring me, I think it is me, an alcoholic is someone you do not like and who drinks like you Clearly show how he viewed himself and his low self esteem. Was Dylans death related to the theme in his poems? This question has attracted many reactions, views, and suggestion on the subject. Many people have viewed it as an unfair comparison. However, from his quotes such as a good poem is a contribution to reality analysts suggest that he got what he wished for. Dylan Thomas indulged in heavy drinking from his early days, a vice that had a negative effect on his life as a whole and his marriage as well. His untimely death was because of his drinking. In his poems he talks about rage and anger towards things that he had no control over. His fear and anger for death is clearly seen in his poems. The theme of his poems was death. The poem a refusal to moan death was one of the most popular poems of his time. (Thomas, 2010) This poem was about death. Dylans attitude towards death is clearly seen in this poem. In this poem Dylan or the person he is talking about is concerned and mourns the absurdity of a childs death or an untimely death. To Thomas, the reality of death in his life was very im portant .The reality of death not only made him angry but was also a cause of concern this is because he was concerned mainly about the after life or after death. What comes after death or after his untimely death was a way for him to face his worse fears and experience first hand what happens after life or what happens after death. Conclusion Dylan Thomas was a legendary figure in that made an impact in his time and in the 20th century as well. Dylans poetry will continue to impact the world in many generations to come. The many critics and the criticism will not in any way change the impact that Dylans poems have had. The unique writing style will continue to make history in the generations to come. Buy custom Death and Loss in Dylan Thomas' Poetry essay

How Authors Can Get the Most Out of Twitter

How Authors Can Get the Most Out of Twitter How Authors Can Get the Most Out of Twitter Nathan Bransford is the author of the Jacob Wonderbar series and How to Write a Novel, which NY Times bestselling author Ransom Riggs called â€Å"the best how-to-write-a-novel book I've read." He writes a popular blog on writing and publishing  and  is also available for book editing and consultations on Reedsy. In this guest post, Nathan explains his belated love affair with Twitter.Let me tell you a story about how I joined the human circus, otherwise known as Twitter.I didn’t join it at all.In 2008, while I was boasting to friends that I would never do that whole social media thing, someone created a fake Twitter profile of me, photo and all, and started tweeting out my blog posts! Real people were replying to me and everything.Once I got wind of what was happening, I wrested control of the rogue account and grumpily determined it was time to succumb to social media.So yes. I now have around 93,000 Twitter followers and social media has become a foundational aspect of my entire professional career, but I can also relate to the deep reluctance some of you might have to engage with social media.Take it from me: it pays to be active on social media. Even if you don’t want to be.Here’s how to get the most out of Twitter. Learn 5 ways authors can get the most out of Twitter 1. Learn the basicsLet’s face it. If you're looking for the pulse of the publishing industry, Twitter is the place to go.It’s where many important industry conversations are happening, it’s where agents and editors are tweeting their manuscript wish lists, and it’s where people get into spectacularly heated arguments about arcane publishing topics that may utterly bewilder you.For the uninitiated, Twitter is essentially a stream of short posts. Twitter posts (â€Å"tweets†) are limited to 280 characters so there’s an incentive to be concise, punchy, and witty.You can â€Å"retweet† someone’s tweet, which pushes that tweet out to your followers - some tweets end up going viral and are retweeted tens of thousands of times. You can also share links, post a series of tweets in a â€Å"thread,† and share photos and videos.Speak your heart but mind what you say - everything but Direct Messages is public!2. Start nowDo you hav e any social media questions for Nathan? Or top Twitter tips to share? Let us know in the comments below!

Movie Response for Japanese film Zatoichi(2003) Review

Response for Japanese film Zatoichi(2003) - Movie Review Example the blind samurai represents the oppressed poor society who struggle for equality in the society through the search for justice for the less privileged. The film portrays the hostility in the Japanese society and the role of the samurai in the struggle for enhancing peace in the society. The blind Zatoichi is hired by Sukegoro a gang-leader because of his skills. Yakuza Shigezo, the head of a rich powerful opposition gang hires a bodyguard with similar skills as Zatoichi with the aim of creating equality in militant powered between the two rivalry groups. However, Zatoichi manages to destroy Yakuza’s body guard and his entire army and fulfills his quest of protecting Ginzo town and avenging the death of the two geisha sibling’s father. In the Japanese culture, the samurai is a legendary term used to refer to a wars hero who represents the rights of the oppressed minority. Zatoichi is a film that portrays the exact description of the Japanese culture through the display of a blind Japanese warrior and his quest to free Ginzo town from oppression by a local Yakuza gang war that has forced residents of the town to pay excessive amount of money for their protection. In this case, the film perpetuates that the term Samurai is a symbolic version of peace ins pired by war heroes in the Japanese

Philosophy In The Matrix Movies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philosophy In The Matrix Movies - Essay Example The Matrix movies explore Plato’s idea of reality as an illusion, particularly depicted in his â€Å"Allegory of the Cave.† In this literary work, a cave of people imprisoned in a distinct manner since conception is Plato’s depiction of this illusion. In this allegory, one prisoner escapes the imprisonment after being illuminated and liberated concurrently. This particular prisoner’s experience metaphorically indicates the procedure by which humans seldom free themselves from reality’s misconceptions and superficiality (Lawrence, 2004). In Enter   The Matrix, the matrix pulls Neo from a sort of cave from where he gets a glimpse of the truth about reality for the first time in his life. This experience makes him realize that everything he believed to be real was, in fact, an illusion, just like the prisoners in Plato's allegory. Plato adds that people who liberate themselves are obliged to tell the rest who are still in the â€Å"cave.†    In the first Matrix film, Neo fulfills this derivative when he makes it his priority to save humankind from ignorance and credulity.The Matrix movies explore Plato’s idea of reality as an illusion, particularly depicted in his â€Å"Allegory of the Cave.†   In this literary work, a cave of people imprisoned in a distinct manner since conception is Plato’s depiction of this illusion. In this allegory, one prisoner escapes the imprisonment after being illuminated and liberated concurrently.

The Great Depression Essay Example for Free

The Great Depression Essay In 1932, the USA was in an economic depression. The Great Depression. President Hoover introduced the â€Å"Old Deal† to protect American industries by aiming to prevent the price of imported goods from being lower than the price of local goods. He felt it was up to individual Americans to sort out their own economic problems. With the failure of the Old Deal, Franklin D. Roosevelt offered a â€Å"New Deal† for America. The Democratic Party nominated Roosevelt to stand for president in 1932. Being more flexible and more willing to experiment the Hoover, Roosevelt won the 1932 elections, have more the 60% of the votes. Roosevelt’s New Deal focused on three things: Relief, Recovery and Reform. These aims were to bring relief to the poor, help the country recover to industry and agriculture, and to prevent another depression by introducing social reforms. The New Deal was not a set plan or strategy, but rather a series of improvisations and experiments to survive the depression and preserve capitalism. During the Great Depression, many banks had failed, wiping out families savings. People had lost confidence in the banks. To restore this confidence, on his second day of office, Roosevelt declared a four-day â€Å"Banking Holiday†, where he closed all the banks in order to re-organise themselves. Congress passed the Emergency Banking Relief Act, which only allowed banks with enough money and properly managed accounts to re-open. Roosevelt explained the complexities of the banking problem to the public in his first â€Å"fire-side chat†. This restored the people’s confidence in the banks. The Depression also made the level of unemployment sky-rocket. To fix this problem, Roosevelt launched many new agencies with the Works Progress Administration (WPA), which created four million new jobs during the 1930’s. Some of these agencies were the AAA, CCC, SEC, FERA and the SSA. The Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) made the government pay farmers not to work. This caused prices to rise and halted overproduction. The Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) gave direct relief ($) to those who needed it. The Social Securities Act (SSA) was established to provide old-age pensions for workers, survivor’s benefits for victims of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance and aid for dependent mothers and children, the blind and physically disabled. The SSA received its funds from government taxes. Although Roosevelt was victoriously re-elected in 1936, his reform programme slowed. Factors, such as his failure to re-organise the Supreme Court to get more support for his policies, led to more opposition to government spending and taxes. This was his greatest mistake. Some of the positive out-comes of the New Deal was that it restored optimism and hope to American’s and provided the necessary relief to many. But, there were negative out-comes as well. Of these was that it did not really fix the depression and it left the nation with much debt. It also left people too dependent on the government.

phobias :: essays research papers

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Nt1330

Questions: 1. How many users will we be having? 2. How many different departments will we be having? 3. Which departments will need what permissions as far as access to computers, printers, and scanners? 4. Will everyone be at one site or will we have multiple buildings? 5. And what is our budget for designing the new AD DS infrastructure. 6. Should we buy physical servers for each location? 7. Should we create multiple domains for each department? My answers: I would say that the amount of users we have is about 200.And we will have plenty of room to expand in case we ever need to expand up to another 300 Users if we need to. And we will only have 5 departments (IT, H. R, Distribution, Maintenance, and Staff). As far as what departments permissions go we will have to sit with all department heads and come up with a valuable plan to benefit everyone. And since we are in a trucking distribution company named Spike’s Distro. We will only have one site for our infrastructure.The reason being is because we only have one building that everyone works out of. Our budget for creating this new infrastructure is going to be $35,000 to buy all the servers and switches needed including the computers to hold the active directory and domain servers. And we should buy physical servers as they are more efficient than virtual servers are. We should only create one domain per department. The only time we will need to create more is if we expand to more than one building. Nt1330 Questions: 1. How many users will we be having? 2. How many different departments will we be having? 3. Which departments will need what permissions as far as access to computers, printers, and scanners? 4. Will everyone be at one site or will we have multiple buildings? 5. And what is our budget for designing the new AD DS infrastructure. 6. Should we buy physical servers for each location? 7. Should we create multiple domains for each department? My answers: I would say that the amount of users we have is about 200.And we will have plenty of room to expand in case we ever need to expand up to another 300 Users if we need to. And we will only have 5 departments (IT, H. R, Distribution, Maintenance, and Staff). As far as what departments permissions go we will have to sit with all department heads and come up with a valuable plan to benefit everyone. And since we are in a trucking distribution company named Spike’s Distro. We will only have one site for our infrastructure.The reason being is because we only have one building that everyone works out of. Our budget for creating this new infrastructure is going to be $35,000 to buy all the servers and switches needed including the computers to hold the active directory and domain servers. And we should buy physical servers as they are more efficient than virtual servers are. We should only create one domain per department. The only time we will need to create more is if we expand to more than one building.

Gentrification in a Global Context

April 3, 2013 ENG11 Professor: Jonathan Katz Student: Darina Markyanova Draft#1. Essay #3 Gentrification. Gentrification is believed to have occurred as early as the 1870’s in Europe, and later on its spreads out in North America and Australia. However, it was first observed in 1964 in Camden Town, North London by Ruth Glass. She is found an actual term and clearly describe its definition. â€Å"Gentrification is a renewal of an urban area, accompanied by displacement of poorer residence by more affluent ones† (Williams 547).As known gentrification it’s a process that has been marred by a lot of controversy, but I believe it’s have a positive influence on any neighborhood and its community. However, some would disagree with that, because gentrification also has a negative influence on previous residents, who usually becomes a victim of displacement. Consequently, gentrification has two sides: it could be positive and negative. â€Å"Maria Marquez, 37, has slept on the sofa for past 12 years to give her mother and son two bedrooms in their apartment in Chicago’s gentrifying Logan Square area.But eventually, she says, we’re gonna get kicked out. It’s a matter of time. † (Hampson 1). Displacement of lower class residents appear through process of gentrification. It happens when urban developers transform low income neighborhoods into new and upscale communities. This is result in the eviction of the poor from their affordable housing as these urban developers target to replace them with wealthier tenants. Often these old, broken buildings that requires multiple repairs and renovations quickly been replaced by luxury homes as loft apartments and condominiums.In the fact that most of the original low income tenants cannot afford to live and pay for the new houses, so they are forced to move into lower social communities. As low class social residents move out, businesses that served them also forced to either s ell out to richer companies that can serve the new wealthier tenants or to completely close down. â€Å"99-cent stores †¦bodegas are gone. There’s large delis now†¦ inexpensive beer – you can’t even buy that in the stores. The stores have imported beers from Germany†¦ feta cheese instead of sharp Cheddar cheese.That’s a whole other world. † These tremendous changes forces some people to leave theirs gentrified neighborhood and look for new home else where. On the other hand those new upscale communities becoming a safer and cleaner place to live due to garbage pick ups, intensive police enforcements; necessary presence of door mans and well maintained properties by handy man. â€Å"The gang bangers are not around as much, and you don’t see the prostitutes on the corners like used to†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hampson 4). This is shows that quality of life tremendously had changed and improved.However, even though the idea of gentrificati on might have some good for the development of urban poor areas, it comes with its pitfalls which include possibility of that crime will go up. For example, many poor and young individuals in more populated environments with rich residents will be urging to get involved in social vices overrides and commitments of crimes. Finally the frustration that follows on the eviction of the previous tenants usually results in confrontation between new tenants and the old tenants who see the new ones as the root to all their problems.As a result rich residents become to considering the people in the ghettos as potential criminals. Meanwhile previous residents is feeling neglect by the central government, because over the years ghetto have been enforced and put under intense surveillance of low flying helicopters and 24 hours police ground patrols. This has led to restrictions and curfews on residents on the ghettos. The fact that heavy police presence around ghettos has aggravated the already soar relations between ghetto and the more affluent tenants.As prove to this â€Å"†¦ the police are now here to protect ‘them’ and not ‘us’†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Lee 2). This is having led to complete segregation of these two sets of population. The rich are unable to go ghettos out of fear of being harmed while the ghetto cannot go into rich neighborhoods out of fear of arrests by law enforcing officers who have been placed in these locations to prevent any accidents that could happen to the rich. Today gentrification has been identified in almost every industrial country.It happens everywhere and the truth is – if community is close by to the area that under development, eventually it will get gentrified in the countless time. Besides changes that affiliated with gentrification usually positive, for all of that, as I stated above countless number of evidences and factors why gentrification is so superior and so beneficial for any community that dev elops and grows. Though this is may be controversy as usually poor residents get â€Å"lost† and divided into two opposite cultural and social levels in their area, where they were lived and grow up.

Qualitative and quantative research is to analyze and interpret data Essays

Qualitative and quantative research is to analyze and interpret data Essays Qualitative and quantative research is to analyze and interpret data Essay Qualitative and quantative research is to analyze and interpret data Essay Qualitative and quantitative research designs are used to roll up, analyze and interpret informations so that more meaningful information is obtained. Qualitative research efforts to set up a mostly narrative, and holistic description to enable the research worker understand about a given cultural or societal phenomenon. A qualitative research is conducted within natural scenes with the usage of interviews, paperss reappraisals, and observations which can be used at the same clip. Qualitative research has got many features including being inductive, subjective and being realistic among other features. Qualitative research uses purposeful type of trying to roll up informations. Quantitative research is the orderly experimental probe of phenomena and quantitative belongingss and their relationships. Quantitative research is loosely used in societal scientific disciplines for case, sociology, political scientific discipline, psychological science and anthropology. The quantitative research designs are either experimental or descriptive. Quantitative research is characterized by being deductive, nonsubjective, and usage of Numberss. It uses random trying to obtain informations from a given population. Qualitative research design Qualitative research can be defined as the system of question that attempts to set up a mostly narrative, and holistic description to enable the research worker understand about a given cultural or societal phenomenon. A qualitative research is conducted within natural scenes with the usage of interviews, paperss reappraisals, and observations which can be used at the same clip. Therefore a qualitative research design is a program for assemblage and using the qualitative information for the coveted information to be obtained with equal preciseness or in order for the void hypothesis to be tested in the right manner. Qualitative research covers many signifiers of enquiry that are of import in understanding and explicating the significance of societal phenomena with really small perturbation to the natural scenes if any. The signifiers of enquiry include realistic enquiry, field survey, interpretive research, instance survey, descriptive anthropology, participant observation, and induc tive research ( Maxwell, 2005 ) . Qualitative survey has got several features and they include realistic enquiry, holistic position, inductive analysis, qualitative information, personal contact and penetration, alone instance orientation, dynamic systems, empathic neutrality, context sensitiveness, subjectiveness and design flexibleness. Naturalistic enquiry is concerned with analyzing state of affairss in the real-world without pull stringsing or upseting the participants, and holding an observation on what takes topographic point such that the facts are accepted as they unfold. Naturalistic enquiry goes beyond mensurable or touchable variables to focus on on the research participants societal buildings. Social buildings are the merchandises of sense devising, intending doing mental activities in which human existences take part as a consequence of interaction with others. Social buildings are critical since they can find the response of persons or groups to state of affairss, interactions, and events that they encounter. It is non the event, interaction, or state of affairs which influences the response of an single, but instead the point of view, societal location, age, gender, societal category, values, beliefs, and attitudes determines their response ( Ritchie A ; Lewis, 2003 ) . The holistic position is another feature of qualitative survey. It is concerned with scrutiny of the whole phenomenon as a many-sided system. Inductive analysis is a characteristic of qualitative research in which an person is involved in blossoming informations, in order to detect the concealed interrelatednesss and dimensions every bit good as analyzing the unfastened inquiries. Unique instance orientation is a feature in which each and every single instance is given value and examined closely, with the thought of roll uping the inside informations of the instances which predominate. Qualitative research design is subjective such that the research worker is actively involved in the state of affairs of research ( Ritchie A ; Lewis, 2003 ) . With qualitative research, a type of trying called purposeful sampling is used to roll up informations for analysis. Purposeful is a type of trying that picks out information that is rich in instances for the intent of in-depth survey. This information that is rich in instances is one that provides a research worker with a great trade of issues refering cardinal importance to the purpose of research. There are many types of purposeful trying viz. , strength sampling, extreme and aberrant instance sampling, maximal fluctuation sampling, typical instance sampling, homogenous sampling, stratified purposeful sampling, concatenation or sweet sand verbena sampling, critical instance sampling, standard sampling, timeserving sampling, corroborating and disconfirming instance sampling, operational sampling, assorted purposeful sampling, and convenience sampling ( Maxwell, 2005 ) . The purposeful sampling is a really of import technique in qualitative research since it increases the effectivity of a plan as the research worker reaches the lower socioeconomic groups. The research worker can now larn much more by sing in deepness on understanding the involvements, inducements, and demands of a little figure of carefully chosen unfortunate households such that it is economical and really enlightening. The research worker will be able to concentrate on the typical cases which can expose a broad assortment ( Ritchie A ; Lewis, 2003 ) . Quantitative research design Quantitative research can be defined as the orderly experimental probe of phenomena and quantitative belongingss and how they are related. The purpose of quantitative research is to construct up and use the theories, hypotheses, and mathematical theoretical accounts holding to make with phenomena. The measuring procedure is cardinal to quantitative research since it offers the cardinal connexion between the mathematical looks of quantitative dealingss and the empirical observations. Quantitative research is loosely used in societal scientific disciplines for case, sociology, political scientific discipline, psychological science and anthropology. In quantitative research, the research worker s purpose is to happen out the relationship between an independent variable and the result or dependant variable within a population. The quantitative research designs are either experimental or descriptive. In a descriptive survey, topics are usually measured one time and the survey establishes simply the relationships between different variables while in an experimental survey the topics are evaluates before and after an intercession and the survey establishes causality ( Creswell, 2003 ) . There are three major types of quantitative research designs viz. , descriptive, quasi-experimental, and experimental research design. A descriptive research design is designed to obtain adequate information sing a certain feature in a given field of survey. It is possible for a descriptive survey to assist in developing theory, placing jobs utilizing current pattern, warranting the current pattern and in doing judgements sing what other may be making while in similar state of affairss. The quasi-experimental designs are meant to give alternate agencies to analyze causality in those state of affairss which are non favourable to experimental control. The experimental research design is designed to promote the highest sum of control in order for the causality to be examined closely ( Punch, 2005 ) . Quantitative research is normally characterized by being deductive, nonsubjective, and can utilize Numberss. Bing deductive agencies that quantitative research trials theory. Quantitative research is nonsubjective because the research worker is believed to obtain, analyze and construe a quantitative information or information, while being isolated. Quantitative research uses the informations that can be structured in signifier of numerical values or that can be converted into Numberss instantly ( Creswell, 2003 ) . Random sampling is a technique that is used during the quantitative research, and it deals with taking a figure of observations which are independent, from a given chance distribution without prosecuting any existent population. A sample is an point selected from a given population under survey, for investigational intents. A random sample is the point that is selected by a technique affecting an irregular constituent. Some times random fluctuations occur, which means that the sample does non stand for the population from which is obtained, and this is referred to as trying mistake. The different types of trying include simple random sampling, stratified sampling, and bunch sampling ( Punch, 2005 ) . In simple random sampling, a sample is chosen such that all samples with similar size are given an equal opportunity of being chosen from the population under probe. Stratified sampling is concerned with taking independent samples from different groups, strata, or subpopulations in a given population under probe. In graded sampling, wise stratification brings about efficiency. Cluster sampling is concerned with taking the sample units within a group under probe ( Creswell, 2003 ) . Differences between quantitative and qualitative research designs Both qualitative and quantitative designs are systematic since to measure up for a specifying rule of research the designs must hold a system. The quantitative research is believed to be nonsubjective while qualitative research is thought to be subjective. It is believed that, in obtaining, analysing and construing a quantitative information or information, the research worker can remain on stray and nonsubjective. This is non the instance with qualitative research since with this type of research the research worker actively involved within the state of affairs of research. Quantitative research is deductive while most qualitative research is inductive. Bing deductive, quantitative research trials theory while the qualitative research generates theory and hence inductive. By the usage of quantitative designs of research, research workers normally obtain consequences that can be easy generalized while the qualitative designs of research normally produce the consequences that are non easy to generalise. Quantitative research uses the informations that can be structured in signifier of numerical values or that can be converted into Numberss instantly while qualitative research uses informations that can non be transported instantly into numerical values.

Definition and Examples of a Fortiori

Definition and Examples of a Fortiori An argument in which a rhetor reaches a conclusion by first setting up two possibilities, one of which is more probable than the other. Whatever can be affirmed about the less probable can be affirmed with even greater force about the more probable. Etymology From the Latin, from the stronger Examples and Observations Remember the commercial for Life Cereal, the one where the brothers experiment on picky little Mikey? If Mikey liked it, the boys figured, anyone would. Thats an argument a fortiori: If something less likely is true, then something more likely will probably be true as well.(Jay Heinrich, If Bill Had Great Interns, Then Hillary . . . Figures of Speech Served Fresh, August 1, 2005) The concept underlying this phrase can be illustrated thus: if you do not trust your child to safely operate a bicycle, then a fortiori, you do not trust him to operate an automobile.This with stronger reason argument implies a comparison of values. The argument is grounded on the common sense (and logical) convention that within the same category the greater includes the lesser (or, if you will, the stronger includes the weaker). Do not let the use of the word includes mislead you. Because one person is taller than another does not mean the other is included within the one. The comparison is not between physical things, but between the relative values of actions, relationships, principles, or rules. When you make or analyze this type of argument, do not mix apples and oranges. The comparison should be one of factually like things and be factually meaningful. The objects of the comparison must share essential factual elements if they are to be of like kind. You may not trust your chi ld to operate a bicycle safely, but that does not necessarily mean that he cannot be trusted to bring in the groceries.(Ron Villanova, Legal Methods: A Guide for Paralegals and Law Students. Llumina Press, 1999) It is an argument a fortiori, from the stronger. If I show you that two is less than ten then it is easy to persuade you a fortiori that two is less than twenty. If I show you that what you think is a burden of the welfare state is actually small, or badly estimated, or a benefit, then it is less difficult to persuade you that rolling back the welfare state requires sober thinking about the alternatives.(Stephen Ziliak, review of The Economic Consequences of Rolling Back the Welfare State. Journal of Economic Literature, March 2001) I feel that it is my civic duty to pay my taxes as well as my other bills, and that it is my moral duty to make an honest declaration of my income to the income tax authorities. But I do not feel that I and my fellow citizens have a religious duty to sacrifice our lives in war on behalf of our own state, and, a fortiori, I do not feel that we have an obligation or a right to kill and maim citizens of other states or to devastate their land.(Arnold Toynbee) Pronunciation: a-FOR-tee-OR-ee

Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Financial Management - Essay Example The financing policy should be designed in a way that it maximizes the wealth of the shareholders while minimizing the overall cost of capital. Equity The equity shares are also referred to as ‘ordinary shares’. The equity shareholders also referred to as ‘ordinary shareholders’ who share the risk as well as reward associated with the corporate ownership. Unlike preference shares the equity shares do not carry any preference with respect to redemption and income. As the equity shareholders are exposed to greater risks and do not enjoy any specified preferential rights, the equity holders are entitled to a higher share in the business profits in the form of high dividends as compared to the payments made to the preferential shareholders. However, the declaration of dividend is at the discretion of the directors’. Types of equity shares The equity shares are of the following types- With voting rights Without voting rights With differential voting rights with respect to dividend payments or voting, as per any prescribed rules and conditions. The shares with the feature of â€Å"differential voting rights† cannot be more than 25% of the company’s Total Issued Share Capital. The corporate can raise additional funds, without diluting the ownership interest of the existing shareholders through the issue of â€Å"non-voting equity shares†. ... In the event of dividend failure, the non-voting class of shares will automatically get pro-rata voting rights until there is resumption in dividend payments (Guruswamy, p.51). Merits & demerits of equity An important benefit arising from the issue of equity is that it does not create any fixed obligations. The dividends paid on the equity shares are at the discretion of the management and therefore it does not create any legal bindings. In the initial stages, the company may not be in a position to withstand fixed contractual obligations. For this reason, the equity issue is the most preferred route of issuing funds as it does not create any financial burden on the company. However, a high level of equity can dilute the ‘ownership’. It is argued that the equity shareholders interfere in the business affairs thereby delaying crucial business decisions. Moreover, the managers have to seek approval of the majority shareholders at the time of making important business decis ions. This leads to excessive delays. Benefits & Risks of voting & non-voting equity The main advantage of non-voting shares is that it overcomes the problem of dilution of ownership as these classes of shares do not have any voting rights. This class of shares tackles the problems related with other class of shares such as the ordinary shares or voting shares. The latter class of shareholders seeks high returns on their invested funds both in the form of high dividends and capital appreciation. Due to this, the non-voting shares are said to have a popular and ready market. In fact, this class of shares is similar to preference shares in terms of absence of voting rights but unlike preference